As all people have a sexual orientation and a gender identity, these methodologies can be used to collect data about the sexual orientation and gender identity of all members of any given population. Researchers and governments have begun to consider integrating methodologies to gather data about the demographic characteristics of individuals of diverse sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status.
Evaluating the effectiveness of government and civil society programs meant to reach sexual and gender minorities.Identifying the preferences and life-goals of sexual and gender minorities.Identifying the impact of stigma and prejudice on development outcomes such as income, safety, education, health, family life, violence, migration, etc.Inclusion of sexual and gender minorities in the sustainable Development Goals and other development priorities.Governments and civil society leaders have come to realize that data about sexual and gender minorities is needed for a number of reasons: 11 9 There is also a general lack of research about people with intersex conditions, and almost all research is in a medical/clinical framework. 7 A scholarly review of the research on identity formation in sexual minorities noted the historically low level of knowledge about the process of identity formation and how it varies across ethnicity, social class, or region or between Western and non-Western societies.” 8 Most research targeting sexual or gender minorities in these regions has been conducted in the context of HIV epidemiological or prevention research and tends to not focus on anything beyond sexual risk involving those assigned male at birth. Globally, until the mid-1980s, research on homosexuality was scarce and focused on identifying the causes of homosexuality for the purposes of developing prevention initiatives. Researchers in Asia, 4 Latin America, 5 and sub-Saharan African 6 have noted that, until the last few years, research on sexual orientation has been scarce. Until recently, there has been very little quantitative research about the lived experiences of sexual and gender minorities in most parts of the world. 3 Increasing this level of available data about sexual and gender minorities would help improve the quality and effectiveness of public policy. The United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon recognized the relationship between data and decision-making when he observed that “ood data and statistics are indispensable for informed decision-making by all actors in society.” 2 Policymakers and advocates often operate without reliable information about important aspects of the lives of sexual and gender minorities, including socioeconomic status, educational attainment, patterns of exclusion from employment, information about physical and mental health, ability to participate in civic institutions, and other development outcomes. Rather it provides a small number of examples of data collection efforts. This paper is not a review of data collection. The audience for this paper is non-researchers who seek a basic understanding of data collection methods regarding sexual orientation and gender identity. This report highlights some examples of data collection methods and presents examples of their use around the world. However, recent developments in data collection methods demonstrate the increasing number of research methodologies available to those seeking a greater understanding of the lived realities of sexual and gender minorities. Sexual and gender minorities 1 have often been classified as “hard-to-reach” populations. In the past few years, researchers have begun developing new methods to measure sexual orientation and gender identity. Infographics Visualizations of our research.
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Survey Measures How to ask sexual orientation and gender identity questions.Data Interactives Customizable visualizations of our data.LGBT FAQs Find answers to our most frequently asked questions.